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PHP基础:PHP的语法

点击次数:1525  更新日期:2011-01-03
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<?php
echo “Hello, World!”;
?>


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运行结果:


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Hello, World!


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变量标记为“”。你也可以将上面的“Hello, World!”写为如下代码:


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<?php
message = “Hello, World!”;
echo message;
?>


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字符串的串联则是用“.”(一个英文句点)标示出来;其他有关数字的运算符号则如同你所预期的一样:


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<?php
greeting = “Hello “;
num = 3 + 2;
num++;
echo “greeting num people!”;
?>


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运行结果:


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Hello 6 people!


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PHP 有完整的运算符,其功能同你所预期的一样——特别是当你有C或者C++的知识背景时的时候。使用PHP一条很好的经验法则是:“遇到问题,先试试看,很可能成功。”


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正如在Perl一样,一个字符串用双引号括起来,这将使得其中的变量被值置换,而如果以单引号括起来,则不会。因此,如下代码:


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<?php
name = ‘Susannah’;
greeting_1 = “Hello, name!”;
greeting_2 = ‘Hello, name!’;
echo “greeting_1\\n”;
echo “greeting_2\\n”;
?>


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运行结果:


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Hello, Susannah!
Hello, name!


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注意字串中“\\n ”是换行符号,就跟在Perl或C一样。不过这仅在以双引号括起来的字符串内才有效。


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变量


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PHP 可以把环境变量当作一般变量使用。这包括由服务器为一段CGI 程序所设定的环境变量(即使当你以模块方式执行PHP)。因此,如果页面http://www.domain.com/farm/cattle/cow-cow.cow.html包括以下代码:


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<?php
echo “[REQUEST_URI]“;
?>


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它将输出[/farm/cattle/cow-cow-cow.html]


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数组
使用方括弧([ and ])设置数组索引(一般或关联性):


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fruit[0] = ‘banana’;
fruit[1] = ‘papaya’;
favorites[\'animal\'] = ‘turtle’;
favorites[\'monster\'] = ‘cookie’;


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如果你对数组赋值,但索引是空白的,PHP则会把对象放于数组末尾。上面对变量fruit的声明同下面代码的结果是一样的:


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fruit[] = ‘banana’;
fruit[] = ‘papaya’;


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你也可以用多维数组:


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people[\'David\'][\'shirt\'] = ‘blue’;
people[\'David\'][\'car\'] = ‘minivan’;
people[\'Adam\'][\'shirt\'] = ‘white’;
people[\'Adam\'][\'car\'] = ‘sedan’;


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一个创建数组的简便方法是


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array()


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函数为:


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fruit = array(‘banana’,\'papaya’);
favorites = array(‘animal’ => ‘turtle’,
‘monster’ => ‘cookie);


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或者


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people = array (‘David’ => array(‘shirt’ => ‘blue’,
‘car’ => ‘minivan’),
‘Adam’ => array(‘shirt’ => ‘white’,
‘car’ => ‘sedan’));


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内建函数count()表明一个数组里有多少元素:


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fruit = array(‘banana’,\'papaya’);
print count(fruit);


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得到如下结果


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2


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控制结构


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你可以利用循环结构例如for以及while:


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for (i = 4; i < 8; i++) {
print “I have eaten i bagels today.\\n”; }


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结果


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I have eaten 4 bagels today.
I have eaten 5 bagels today.
I have eaten 6 bagels today.
I have eaten 7 bagels today.


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同样可写为


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i = 4; while (i < \'8)\' {
print “I have eaten i bagels today.\\n”;
i++;
}


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你可以使用控制结构if以及elseif:


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if (user_count > 200) {
print “The site is busy right now!”;
}
elseif (user_count > 100) {
print “The site is sort of active right now!”;
else {
print “The site is lonely – only user_count user logged on.”;
}


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使用运算符的经验法则同样也可以运用在控制结构上面。你还可以使用switch,do…while,甚至是 ?: 结构。

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