异步的文件上传是在现代的AJAX实现的Web应用里面经常要遇到,必须解决的问题。但是标准的AJAX类(XmlHttpRequest)无法实现传输文件的功能。因此,这里讨论的内容就是如何在AJAX的技术的基础之上构建异步的文件上传功能。在这个功能当中需要使用到内置的框及(IFRAME)来传输文件。这个功能实现的效果是页面在上传文件的时候,用户还可以使用该页面并且填写文件描述。
这个例子是我们引用AJAX的经典案例进行分析的。
系统环境
· 较新版本的浏览器。例如Opera,Firefox或者 Internet Explorer。
· PHP 4.3.0 或更高版本
· PHP 5 版本
· PHP 中的 ‘short_open_tag’ 选项开启(否则会发生解析错误)。
功能分析
通过内置的IFRAME(框架)进行文件上传。具备包括三个部分组成。
· 在页面中间有一个简单的<form…表单,表单只包含了<input type=”file” … >控件。这个表单的目标链接就是一个隐藏得IFRAME(通过 CSS的风格” display: none;”实现)并且表单里面唯一一个控件的OnChange事件用来触发JavaScript函数。这个函数的作用是检查用户提交的扩展名,然后提交表单。
· 在服务器端用PHP编写了一个处理过程(用FILEFRAME坐注释了)。这个处理过程用来把从客户端上传的文件进行检查后保存在服务器,并且通过Javascript代码的形式返回给用户。返回给用户的Javascript脚本通过”parent.window.document”更改了用户现在正在查看的页面,设置了文件的名称并启用了让用户提交表单的按钮。启用按钮的操作是通过getElementById函数实现的。
· 在主页面还有一个表单,它包含了用户提交的描述和隐藏的文件名。用户可以在文件上传的同时填写文件的描述。当文件上传结束以后,用户点击按钮,就可以看上传以后返回给用户的文件信息了。(通过返回来的文件名和用户输入的描述构成文件信息)。
可能你会说这么操作不符合常理:文件在用户确认之前就已经被提交了。如果用户没有提交的话,情况会如何呢。你可以自己在扩展处理被用户放弃的文件。
这个例子把文件存储在一个文件系统的目录下。你需要在脚本开始运行的时候配置下这个目录,具体的包含这个目录信息的变量是upload_dir 和web_upload_dir。这里有一个对目录是否可写的权限检查。
这里我们用到了以下几个PHP函数:
· move_uploaded_file – 转移一经上传到服务器的文件
· fopen – 打开文件
· fwrite – 把内容写入文件
· fclose – 关闭文件
· str_replace – 替换字符串
· filesize – 返回文件大小
· filemtime – 返回处理时间
你可以通过手册查到这些函数如果使用。请注意要把HTM(<, >, &)标记替换为(<, > 和 &).
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源代码
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<?php upload_dir = “/var/www/anyexample/aeu”; // 文件存储的路径 web_upload_dir = “/aeu”; // 文件在Web目录下的路径 tf = upload_dir.’/’.md5(rand()).”.test”; f = @fopen(tf, “w”); if (f == false) die(“Fatal error! {upload_dir} is not writable. Set ‘chmod 777 {upload_dir}’ or something like this”); fclose(f); unlink(tf); //处理上传的文件 if (isset(_POST[\'fileframe\'])) { result = ‘ERROR’; result_msg = ‘No FILE field found’; if (isset(_FILES[\'file\'])) // 从浏览器接受文件 { if (_FILES[\'file\'][\'error\'] == UPLOAD_ERR_OK) // 没有错误 { filename = _FILES[\'file\'][\'name\']; // 文件名 move_uploaded_file(_FILES[\'file\'][\'tmp_name\'], upload_dir.’/’.filename); // 处理的主过程-转移文件到 upload_dir result = ‘OK’; } elseif (_FILES[\'file\'][\'error\'] == UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE) result_msg = ‘The uploaded file exceeds the upload_max_filesize directive in php.ini’; else result_msg = ‘Unknown error’; } echo ‘<html><head><title>-</title></head><body>’; echo ‘<script language=”JavaScript” type=”text/javascript”>’.”\\n”; echo ‘var parDoc = window.parent.document;’; ’ if (result == ‘OK’) { echo ‘parDoc.getElementById(“upload_status”).value = “file successfully uploaded”;’; echo ‘parDoc.getElementById(“filename”).value = “‘.filename.’”;’; echo ‘parDoc.getElementById(“filenamei”).value = “‘.filename.’”;’; echo ‘parDoc.getElementById(“upload_button”).disabled = false;’; } else { echo ‘parDoc.getElementById(“upload_status”).value = “ERROR: ‘.result_msg.’”;’; } echo “\\n”.’</script></body></html>’; exit(); } function safehtml(s) { s=str_replace(“&”, “&”, s); s=str_replace(“<”, “<”, s); s=str_replace(“>”, “>”, s); s=str_replace(“‘”, “'”, s); s=str_replace(“\\”", “"”, s); return s; } if (isset(_POST[\'description\'])) { filename = _POST[\'filename\']; size = filesize(upload_dir.’/’.filename); date = date(‘r’, filemtime(upload_dir.’/’.filename)); description = safehtml(_POST[\'description\']); html =<<<END <html><head><title>{filename} [uploaded by IFRAME Async file uploader]</title></head> <body> <h1>{filename}</h1> <p>This is a file information page for your uploaded file. Bookmark it, or send to anyone…</p> <p>Date: {date}</p> <p>Size: {size} bytes</p> <p>Description: <pre>{description}</pre> </p> <p><a href=”{web_upload_dir}/{filename}” style=”font-size: large;”>download file</a><br> <a href=”{PHP_SELF}” style=”font-size: small;”>back to file uploading</a><br> <a href=”{web_upload_dir}/upload-log.html” style=”font-size: small;”>upload-log</a></p> <br><br>Example by <a href=”http://www.anyexample.com/”>AnyExample</a> </body></html> END; f = fopen(upload_dir.’/’.filename.’-desc.html’, “w”); fwrite(f, html); fclose(f); msg = “File {filename} uploaded, <a href=’{web_upload_dir}/{filename}-desc.html’>see file information page</a>”; f = fopen(upload_dir.”/upload-log.html”, “a”); fwrite(f, “<p>msg</p>\\n”); fclose(f); setcookie(‘msg’, msg); header(“Location: http://”._SERVER[\'HTTP_HOST\'].PHP_SELF); exit(); } if (isset(_COOKIE[\'msg\']) && _COOKIE[\'msg\'] != ”) { if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) msg = stripslashes(_COOKIE[\'msg\']); else msg = _COOKIE[\'msg\']; setcookie(‘msg’, ”); } ?> <!– Beginning of main page –> <html><head> <title>IFRAME Async file uploader example</title> </head> <body> <?php if (isset(msg)) echo ‘<p style=”font-weight: bold;”>’.msg.’</p>’; ?> <h1>Upload file:</h1> <p>File will begin to upload just after selection. </p> <p>You may write file description, while you file is being uploaded.</p> <form action=”<?=PHP_SELF?>” target=”upload_iframe” method=”post” enctype=”multipart/form-data”> <input type=”hidden” name=”fileframe” value=”true”> <!– Target of the form is set to hidden iframe –> <!– From will send its post data to fileframe section of this PHP script (see above) –> <label for=”file”>text file uploader:</label><br> <!– JavaScript is called by OnChange attribute –> <input type=”file” name=”file” id=”file” onChange=”jsUpload(this)”> </form> <script type=”text/javascript”> /* This function is called when user selects file in file dialog */ function jsUpload(upload_field) { // this is just an example of checking file extensions // if you do not need extension checking, remove // everything down to line // upload_field.form.submit(); var re_text = /\\.txt|\\.xml|\\.zip/i; var filename = upload_field.value; /* Checking file type */ if (filename.search(re_text) == -1) { alert(“File does not have text(txt, xml, zip) extension”); upload_field.form.reset(); return false; } upload_field.form.submit(); document.getElementById(‘upload_status’).value = “uploading file…”; upload_field.disabled = true; return true; } </script> <iframe name=”upload_iframe” style=”width: 400px; height: 100px; display: none;”> </iframe> <!– For debugging purposes, it’s often useful to remove “display: none” from style=”" attribute –> <br> Upload status:<br> <input type=”text” name=”upload_status” id=”upload_status” value=”not uploaded” size=”64″ disabled> <br><br> File name:<br> <input type=”text” name=”filenamei” id=”filenamei” value=”none” disabled> <form action=”<?=PHP_SELF?>” method=”POST”> <!– one field is “disabled” for displaying-only. Other, hidden one is for sending data –> <input type=”hidden” name=”filename” id=”filename”> <br><br> <label for=”photo”>File description:</label><br> <textarea rows=”5″ cols=”50″ name=”description”></textarea> <br><br> <input type=”submit” id=”upload_button” value=”save file” disabled> </form> <br><br> <a href=”<?=web_upload_dir?>/upload-log.html”>upload-log</a> <br><br><br> Example by <a href=”http://www.anyexample.com/”>AnyExample</a> </body> </html> |
以上的讲解就是提供一种思路供大家参考。大家也可以根据自己的需求进行相应的优化
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作者: hosander 出处: 天极开发
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