昨天的文章基于.NET平台的分层架构实战(七)——数据访问层的第一种实现:Access+SQL发布后,很多朋友对我的程序提出了意见和建议,在这里先谢谢你们!!!尤其是 金色海洋(jyk),对我的程序提出了很多建设性的意见。
我大体总结了一下,昨天程序的主要缺点有:
1.Connection对象没有关闭
2.DataReader对象没有关闭
3.相似代码太多,造成代码冗余。
\n
其中第一点问题,目前还没有太好的解决方案,主要是因为Connection一旦关闭,DataReader就无法读取了。而且,Connection对象应该会自动在适当的时候关闭(通过观察临时文件得出),并且在实际运行时并无影响(在功能上),所以这里没有专门解决。而针对后面两个问题,我使用了如下解决方案。
\n
对于关闭DataReader的方法,实现起来很简单,在finally里将他关闭就行了。关键是如何去处冗余代码。
经过我的分析,数据访问层的操作可以分为三类:不返回数据,返回单个实体类,返回实体类集合。我将这三种操作的公共部分抽出,写成三个方法放在AccessDALHelper里,类型不同的问题使用泛型解决。
这样做有一个难题,就是不同实体在由DataReader转化为实体类时的代码很不一样,无法抽出。这里,我使用了Strategy模式解决。具体做法是:首先定义一个由DataReader转换为实体类的策略接口,然后为不同的实体编写不同的转换策略,示意图如下:
\n
\n
可以看出,所有转换策略都要实现IDataReaderToEntityStrategy接口,并且每个策略都有一个自组合,这是以为他们都要实现Singleton模式。而AccessDALHelper与具体策略无关,仅与接口耦合。
\n
下面来看一下具体代码:
首先是IDataReaderToEntityStrategy接口
\n
IDataReaderToEntityStrategy.cs:
\n
IDataReaderToEntityStrategy
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Data;
5using System.Data.OleDb;
6
7namespace NGuestBook.AccessDAL
8{
9 /**//// <summary>
10 /// 由DataReader转换成实体类的策略接口
11 /// </summary>
12 public interface IDataReaderToEntityStrategy<T>
13 {
14 /**//// <summary>
15 /// 将DataReader转换为实体类,采用泛型
16 /// </summary>
17 /// <param name=”dataReader”>包含数据的DataReader对象</param>
18 /// <returns>实体类</returns>
19 T DataReaderToEntity(OleDbDataReader dataReader);
20 }
21}
然后以Admin为例,看一下策略的具体实现:
AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy.cs:
AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Data;
5using System.Data.OleDb;
6using NGuestBook.Entity;
7
8namespace NGuestBook.AccessDAL
9{
10 /**//// <summary>
11 /// DataReader到实体类的转换策略-管理员
12 /// 实现上使用Singleton模式,保证全局唯一实例
13 /// </summary>
14 public class AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy : IDataReaderToEntityStrategy<AdminInfo>
15 {
16 private static AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy singleInstance = null;
17
18 /**//// <summary>
19 /// 私有化构造函数,保证无法外部实例化
20 /// </summary>
21 private AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy() { }
22
23 /**//// <summary>
24 /// 静态方法,用于取得全局唯一实例
25 /// </summary>
26 /// <returns>全局唯一实例</returns>
27 public static AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy GetInstance()
28 {
29 if (singleInstance == null)
30 {
31 singleInstance = new AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy();
32 }
33
34 return singleInstance;
35 }
36
37 /**//// <summary>
38 /// 由DataReader转换到管理员实体类
39 /// </summary>
40 /// <param name=”dataReader”>包含数据的DataReader对象</param>
41 /// <returns>管理员实体类</returns>
42 public AdminInfo DataReaderToEntity(OleDbDataReader dataReader)
43 {
44 AdminInfo admin = new AdminInfo();
45 admin.ID = (int)dataReader["ID"];
46 admin.Name = (string)dataReader["Name"];
47 admin.Password = (string)dataReader["Password"];
48
49 return admin;
50 }
51 }
52}
可以看到,这里实现了一个单件模式。下一个,是重构后的AccessDALHelper,增加了三个方法。
AccessDALHelper.cs:
AccessDALHelper
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Web;
4using System.Web.Caching;
5using System.Configuration;
6using System.Data;
7using System.Data.OleDb;
8using NGuestBook.Utility;
9
10namespace NGuestBook.AccessDAL
11{
12 /**//// <summary>
13 /// Access数据库操作助手
14 /// </summary>
15 public sealed class AccessDALHelper
16 {
17 /**//// <summary>
18 /// 读取Access数据库的连接字符串
19 /// 首先从缓存里读取,如果不存在则到配置文件中读取,并放入缓存
20 /// </summary>
21 /// <returns>Access数据库的连接字符串</returns>
22 private static string GetConnectionString()
23 {
24 if (CacheAccess.GetFromCache(“AccessConnectionString”) != null)
25 {
26 return CacheAccess.GetFromCache(“AccessConnectionString”).ToString();
27 }
28 else
29 {
30 string dbPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AccessPath"];
31 string dbAbsolutePath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(dbPath);
32 string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AccessConnectionString"];
33
34 CacheDependency fileDependency = new CacheDependency(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(“Web.Config”));
35 CacheAccess.SaveToCache(“AccessConnectionString”, connectionString.Replace(“{DBPath}”, dbAbsolutePath), fileDependency);
36
37 return connectionString.Replace(“{DBPath}”, dbAbsolutePath);
38 }
39 }
40
41 /**//// <summary>
42 /// 执行SQL语句并且不返回任何值
43 /// </summary>
44 /// <param name=”SQLCommand”>所执行的SQL命令</param>
45 /// <param name=”parameters”>参数集合</param>
46 public static void ExecuteSQLNonQuery(string SQLCommand, OleDbParameter[] parameters)
47 {
48 OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(GetConnectionString());
49 OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(SQLCommand, connection);
50
51 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Length; i++)
52 {
53 command.Parameters.Add(parameters[i]);
54 }
55
56 connection.Open();
57 command.ExecuteNonQuery();
58 connection.Close();
59 }
60
61 /**//// <summary>
62 /// 执行SQL语句并返回包含查询结果的DataReader
63 /// </summary>
64 /// <param name=”SQLCommand”>所执行的SQL命令</param>
65 /// <param name=”parameters”>参数集合</param>
66 /// <returns></returns>
67 public static OleDbDataReader ExecuteSQLDataReader(string SQLCommand, OleDbParameter[] parameters)
68 {
69 OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(GetConnectionString());
70 OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(SQLCommand, connection);
71
72 for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Length; i++)
73 {
74 command.Parameters.Add(parameters[i]);
75 }
76
77 connection.Open();
78 OleDbDataReader dataReader = command.ExecuteReader();
79 //connection.Close();
80
81 return dataReader;
82 }
83
84 /**//// <summary>
85 /// 执行不需要返回数据的操作
86 /// </summary>
87 /// <param name=”SQLCommand”>SQL命令</param>
88 /// <param name=”parameters”>参数</param>
89 /// <returns>是否成功</returns>
90 public static bool OperateNonData(string SQLCommand, OleDbParameter[] parameters)
91 {
92 try
93 {
94 ExecuteSQLNonQuery(SQLCommand, parameters);
95 return true;
96 }
97 catch
98 {
99 return false;
100 }
101 }
102
103 /**//// <summary>
104 /// 执行返回单个实体类的操作
105 /// </summary>
106 /// <typeparam name=”T”>实体类类型</typeparam>
107 /// <param name=”SQLCommand”>SQL命令</param>
108 /// <param name=”parameters”>参数</param>
109 /// <param name=”strategy”>DataReader到实体类的转换策略</param>
110 /// <returns>实体类</returns>
111 public static T OperateEntity<T>(string SQLCommand, OleDbParameter[] parameters, IDataReaderToEntityStrategy<T> strategy)
112 {
113 OleDbDataReader dataReader = ExecuteSQLDataReader(SQLCommand, parameters);
114 try
115 {
116 if (!dataReader.HasRows)
117 {
118 throw new Exception();
119 }
120
121 dataReader.Read();
122 return strategy.DataReaderToEntity(dataReader);
123 }
124 catch
125 {
126 return default(T);
127 }
128 finally
129 {
130 dataReader.Close();
131 }
132 }
133
134 /**//// <summary>
135 /// 执行返回实体类集合的操作
136 /// </summary>
137 /// <typeparam name=”T”>实体类类型</typeparam>
138 /// <param name=”SQLCommand”>SQL命令</param>
139 /// <param name=”parameters”>参数</param>
140 /// <param name=”strategy”>DataReader到实体类的转换策略</param>
141 /// <returns>实体类</returns>
142 public static IList<T> OperateEntityCollection<T>(string SQLCommand, OleDbParameter[] parameters, IDataReaderToEntityStrategy<T> strategy)
143 {
144 OleDbDataReader dataReader = AccessDALHelper.ExecuteSQLDataReader(SQLCommand, null);
145 try
146 {
147 if (!dataReader.HasRows)
148 {
149 throw new Exception();
150 }
151
152 IList<T> entityCollection = new List<T>();
153 int i = 0;
154 while (dataReader.Read())
155 {
156 entityCollection.Add(strategy.DataReaderToEntity(dataReader));
157 i++;
158 }
159
160 return entityCollection;
161 }
162 catch
163 {
164 return default(IList<T>);
165 }
166 finally
167 {
168 dataReader.Close();
169 }
170 }
171 }
172}
最后以Admin为例,看一下简化后的数据访问层实现:
AdminDAL.cs:
AdminDAL
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Data;
5using System.Data.OleDb;
6using NGuestBook.IDAL;
7using NGuestBook.Entity;
8
9namespace NGuestBook.AccessDAL
10{
11 public class AdminDAL : IAdminDAL
12 {
13 /**//// <summary>
14 /// 插入管理员
15 /// </summary>
16 /// <param name=”admin”>管理员实体类</param>
17 /// <returns>是否成功</returns>
18 public bool Insert(AdminInfo admin)
19 {
20 string SQLCommand = “insert into [TAdmin]([Name],[Password]) values(@name,@password)”;
21 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
22 new OleDbParameter(“name”,OleDbType.VarChar,20),
23 new OleDbParameter(“password”,OleDbType.VarChar,50)
24 };
25 parameters[0].Value = admin.Name;
26 parameters[1].Value = admin.Password;
27
28 return AccessDALHelper.OperateNonData(SQLCommand, parameters);
29 }
30
31 /**//// <summary>
32 /// 删除管理员
33 /// </summary>
34 /// <param name=”id”>欲删除的管理员的ID</param>
35 /// <returns>是否成功</returns>
36 public bool Delete(int id)
37 {
38 string SQLCommand = “delete from [TAdmin] where [ID]=@id”;
39 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
40 new OleDbParameter(“id”,OleDbType.Integer)
41 };
42 parameters[0].Value = id;
43
44 return AccessDALHelper.OperateNonData(SQLCommand, parameters);
45 }
46
47 /**//// <summary>
48 /// 更新管理员信息
49 /// </summary>
50 /// <param name=”admin”>管理员实体类</param>
51 /// <returns>是否成功</returns>
52 public bool Update(AdminInfo admin)
53 {
54 string SQLCommand = “update [TAdmin] set [Name]=@name,[Password]=@password where [ID]=@id”;
55 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
56 new OleDbParameter(“id”,OleDbType.Integer),
57 new OleDbParameter(“name”,OleDbType.VarChar,20),
58 new OleDbParameter(“password”,OleDbType.VarChar,50)
59 };
60 parameters[0].Value = admin.ID;
61 parameters[1].Value = admin.Name;
62 parameters[2].Value = admin.Password;
63
64 return AccessDALHelper.OperateNonData(SQLCommand, parameters);
65 }
66
67 /**//// <summary>
68 /// 按ID取得管理员信息
69 /// </summary>
70 /// <param name=”id”>管理员ID</param>
71 /// <returns>管理员实体类</returns>
72 public AdminInfo GetByID(int id)
73 {
74 string SQLCommand = “select * from [TAdmin] where [ID]=@id”;
75 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
76 new OleDbParameter(“id”,OleDbType.Integer)
77 };
78 parameters[0].Value = id;
79
80 return AccessDALHelper.OperateEntity<AdminInfo>(SQLCommand, parameters, AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy.GetInstance());
81 }
82
83 /**//// <summary>
84 /// 按用户名及密码取得管理员信息
85 /// </summary>
86 /// <param name=”name”>用户名</param>
87 /// <param name=”password”>密码</param>
88 /// <returns>管理员实体类,不存在时返回null</returns>
89 public AdminInfo GetByNameAndPassword(string name, string password)
90 {
91 string SQLCommand = “select * from [TAdmin] where [Name]=@name and [Password]=@password”;
92 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
93 new OleDbParameter(“name”,OleDbType.VarChar,20),
94 new OleDbParameter(“password”,OleDbType.VarChar,50)
95 };
96 parameters[0].Value = name;
97 parameters[1].Value = password;
98
99 return AccessDALHelper.OperateEntity<AdminInfo>(SQLCommand, parameters, AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy.GetInstance());
100 }
101
102 /**//// <summary>
103 /// 按管理员名取得管理员信息
104 /// </summary>
105 /// <param name=”name”>管理员名</param>
106 /// <returns>管理员实体类</returns>
107 public AdminInfo GetByName(string name)
108 {
109 string SQLCommand = “select * from [TAdmin] where [Name]=@name”;
110 OleDbParameter[] parameters ={
111 new OleDbParameter(“name”,OleDbType.VarChar,20)
112 };
113 parameters[0].Value = name;
114
115 return AccessDALHelper.OperateEntity<AdminInfo>(SQLCommand, parameters, AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy.GetInstance());
116 }
117
118 /**//// <summary>
119 /// 取得全部管理员信息
120 /// </summary>
121 /// <returns>管理员实体类集合</returns>
122 public IList<AdminInfo> GetAll()
123 {
124 string SQLCommand = “select * from [TAdmin]“;
125
126 return AccessDALHelper.OperateEntityCollection<AdminInfo>(SQLCommand, null, AdminDataReaderToEntityStrategy.GetInstance());
127 }
128 }
129}
来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/leoo2sk